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/*

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 * (c) 2003 Mario de Sousa

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 *

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 * Offered to the public under the terms of the GNU General Public License

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 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the

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 * License, or (at your option) any later version.

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 *

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 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but

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 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

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 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General

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 * Public License for more details.

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 *

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 * This code is made available on the understanding that it will not be

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 * used in safety-critical situations without a full and competent review.

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 */

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/*

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 * An IEC 61131-3 IL and ST compiler.

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 *

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 * Based on the

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 * FINAL DRAFT - IEC 61131-3, 2nd Ed. (2001-12-10)

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 *

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 */

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/*

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 * Stage 1

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 * =======

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 *

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 * This file contains the lexical tokens definitions, from which

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 * the flex utility will generate a lexical parser function.

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 */

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/*****************************/

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/* Lexical Parser Options... */

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/*****************************/

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/* The lexical analyser will never work in interactive mode,

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 * i.e., it will only process programs saved to files, and never

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 * programs being written inter-actively by the user.

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 * This option saves the resulting parser from calling the

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 * isatty() function, that seems to be generating some compile

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 * errors under some (older?) versions of flex.

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 */

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%option never-interactive

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/* Have the lexical analyser use a 'char *yytext' instead of an

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 * array of char 'char yytext[??]' to store the lexical token.

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 */

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%pointer

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/* Have the lexical analyser ignore the case of letters.

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 * This will occur for all the tokens and keywords, but

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 * the resulting text handed up to the syntax parser

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 * will not be changed, and keep the original case

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 * of the letters in the input file.

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 */

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%option case-insensitive

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/* Have the generated lexical analyser keep track of the

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 * line number it is currently analysing.

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 * This is used to pass up to the syntax parser

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 * the number of the line on which the current

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 * token was found. It will enable the syntax parser

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 * to generate more informatve error messages...

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 */

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%option yylineno

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/* required for the use of the yy_pop_state() and

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 * yy_push_state() functions

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 */

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%option stack

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/* The '%option stack' also requests the inclusion of 

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 * the yy_top_state(), however this function is not

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 * currently being used. This means that the compiler

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 * is complaining about the existance of this function.

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 * The following option removes the yy_top_state()

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 * function from the resulting c code, so the compiler 

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 * no longer complains.

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 */

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%option noyy_top_state

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/**************************************************/

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/* External Variable and Function declarations... */

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/**************************************************/

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%{

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/* Define TEST_MAIN to include a main() function.

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 * Useful for testing the parser generated by flex.

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 */

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/*

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#define TEST_MAIN

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*/

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/* If lexical parser is compiled by itself, we need to define the following

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 * constant to some string. Under normal circumstances LIBDIRECTORY is set

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 * in the syntax parser header file...

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 */

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#ifdef TEST_MAIN

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#define LIBDIRECTORY "just_testing"

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#endif

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/* Required for strdup() */

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#include <string.h>

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/* Required only for the declaration of abstract syntax classes

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 * (class symbol_c; class token_c; class list_c;)

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 * These will not be used in flex, but the token type union defined

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 * in iec.hh contains pointers to these classes, so we must include

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 * it here.

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 */

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#include "../absyntax/absyntax.hh"

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/* generated by bison.

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 * Contains the definition of the token constants, and the

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 * token value type YYSTYPE (in our case, a 'const char *')

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 */

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#include "iec.y.hh"

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/* Variable defined by the bison parser,

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 * where the value of the tokens will be stored

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 */

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extern YYSTYPE yylval;

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/* The name of the file currently being parsed...

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 * This variable is declared and read from the code generated by bison!

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 * Note that flex accesses and updates this global variable

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 * apropriately whenever it comes across an (*#include <filename> *)

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 * directive...

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 */

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extern const char *current_filename;

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/* We will not be using unput() in our flex code... */

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#define YY_NO_UNPUT

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/* Variable defined by the bison parser.

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 * It must be initialised with the location

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 * of the token being parsed.

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 * This is only needed if we want to keep

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 * track of the locations, in order to give

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 * more meaningful error messages!

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 */

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extern YYLTYPE yylloc;

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/* Macro that is executed for every action.

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 * We use it to pass the location of the token

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 * back to the bison parser...

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 */

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#define YY_USER_ACTION { 					\

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	yylloc.first_line = yylloc.last_line = yylineno;	\

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	yylloc.first_column = yylloc.last_column = 0;		\

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	}

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/* Since this lexical parser we defined only works in ASCII based

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 * systems, we might as well make sure it is being compiled on

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 * one...

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 * Lets check a few random characters...

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 */

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#if (('a' != 0x61) || ('A' != 0x41) || ('z' != 0x7A) || ('Z' != 0x5A) || \

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     ('0' != 0x30) || ('9' != 0x39) || ('(' != 0x28) || ('[' != 0x5B))

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#error This lexical analyser is not portable to a non ASCII based system.

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#endif

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/* Function only called from within flex, but defined

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 * in iec.y!

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 * We delcare it here...

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 *

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 * Search for a symbol in either of the two symbol tables

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 * and return the token id of the first symbol found.

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 * Searches first in the variables, and only if not found

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 * does it continue searching in the library elements

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 */

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//token_id_t get_identifier_token(const char *identifier_str);

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int get_identifier_token(const char *identifier_str);

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%}

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/***************************************************/

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/* Forward Declaration of functions defined later. */

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/***************************************************/

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%{

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/* return all the text in the current token back to the input stream. */

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void unput_text(unsigned int n);

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%}

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/****************************/

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/* Lexical Parser States... */

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/****************************/

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/* NOTE: Our psrser can parse st or il code, intermixed

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 *       within the same file.

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 *       With IL we come across the issue of the EOL (end of line) token.

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 *       ST, and the declaration parts of IL do not use this token!

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 *       If the lexical analyser were to issue this token during ST

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 *       language parsing, or during the declaration of data types,

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 *       function headers, etc. in IL, the syntax parser would crash.

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 *

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 *       We can solve this issue using one of three methods:

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 *        (1) Augment all the syntax that does not accept the EOL

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 *            token to simply ignore it. This makes the syntax

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 *            definition (in iec.y) very cluttered!

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 *        (2) Let the lexical parser figure out which language

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 *            it is parsing, and decide whether or not to issue

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 *            the EOL token. This requires the lexical parser

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 *            to have knowledge of the syntax!, making for a poor

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 *            overall organisation of the code. It would also make it

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 *            very difficult to understand the lexical parser as it

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 *            would use several states, and a state machine to transition

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 *            between the states. The state transitions would be

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 *            intermingled with the lexical parser defintion!

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 *        (3) Use a mixture of (1) and (2). The lexical analyser

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 *            merely distinguishes between function headers and function

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 *            bodies, but no longer makes a distinction between il and

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 *            st language bodies. When parsing a body, it will return

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 *            the EOL token. In other states '\n' will be ignored as

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 *            whitespace.

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 *            The ST language syntax has been augmented in the syntax

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 *            parser configuration to ignore any EOL tokens that it may

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 *            come across!

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 *            This option has both drawbacks of option (1) and (2), but

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 *            much less intensely.

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 *            The syntax that gets cluttered is limited to the ST statements

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 *            (which is rather limited, compared to the function headers and

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 *            data type declarations, etc...), while the state machine in

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 *            the lexical parser becomes very simple. All state transitions

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 *            can be handled within the lexical parser by itself, and can be

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 *            easily identified. Thus knowledge of the syntax required by

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 *            the lexical parser is very limited!

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 *

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 * Amazingly enough, I (Mario) got to implement option (3)

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 * at first, requiring two basic states, decl and body.

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 * The lexical parser will enter the body state when

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 * it is parsing the body of a function/program/function block. The

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 * state transition is done when we find a VAR_END that is not followed

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 * by a VAR! This is the syntax knowledge that gets included in the

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 * lexical analyser with this option!

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 * Unfortunately, getting the st syntax parser to ignore EOL anywhere

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 * where they might appear leads to conflicts. This is due to the fact

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 * that the syntax parser uses the single look-ahead token to remove

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 * possible conflicts. When we insert a possible EOL, the single

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 * look ahead token becomes the EOL, which means the potential conflicts

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 * could no longer be resolved.

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 * Removing these conflicts would make the st syntax parser very convoluted,

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 * and adding the extraneous EOL would make it very cluttered.

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 * This option was therefore dropped in favour of another!

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 *

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 * I ended up implementing (2). Unfortunately the lexical analyser can

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 * not easily distinguish between il and st code, since function

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 * calls in il are very similar to function block calls in st.

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 * We therefore use an extra 'body' state. When the lexical parser

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 * finds that last END_VAR, it enters the body state. This state

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 * must figure out what language is being parsed from the first few

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 * tokens, and switch to the correct state (st or il) according to the

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 * language. This means that we insert quite a bit of knowledge of the

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 * syntax of the languages into the lexical parser. This is ugly, but it

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 * works, and at least it is possible to keep all the state changes together

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 * to make it easier to remove them later on if need be.

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 * The body state returns any matched text back to the buffer with unput(),

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 * to be later matched correctly by the apropriate language parser (st or il).

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 * The state machine has 6 possible states (INITIAL, config, decl, body, st, il)

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 * Possible state changes are:

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 *   INITIAL -> decl (when a FUNCTION, FUNCTION_BLOCK, or PROGRAM is found,

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 *                    and followed by a VAR declaration)

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 *   INITIAL -> body (when a FUNCTION, FUNCTION_BLOCK, or PROGRAM is found,

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 *                    and _not_ followed by a VAR declaration)

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 *   INITIAL -> config (when a CONFIGURATION is found)

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 *   decl    -> body (when the last END_VAR is found, i.e. the function body starts)

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 *   body    -> st (when it figures out it is parsing st language)

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 *   body    -> il (when it figures out it is parsing il language)

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 *   decl    -> INITIAL (when a END_FUNCTION, END_FUNCTION_BLOCK, or END_PROGRAM is found)

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 *   st      -> INITIAL (when a END_FUNCTION, END_FUNCTION_BLOCK, or END_PROGRAM is found)

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 *   il      -> INITIAL (when a END_FUNCTION, END_FUNCTION_BLOCK, or END_PROGRAM is found)

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 *   config  -> INITIAL (when a END_CONFIGURATION is found)

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 */

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/* we are parsing a configuration. */

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%s config

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/* we are parsing a function, program or function block declaration */

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%s decl

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/* we will be parsing a function body. Whether il/st is remains unknown */

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%x body

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/* we are parsing il code -> flex must return the EOL tokens!       */

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%s il

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/* we are parsing st code -> flex must not return the EOL tokens!   */

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%s st

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/*******************/

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/* File #include's */

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/*******************/

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/* We extend the IEC 61131-3 standard syntax to allow inclusion

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 * of other files, using the IEC 61131-3 pragma directive...

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 * The accepted syntax is:

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 *  {#include "<filename>"}

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 */

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/* the "include" states are used for picking up the name of an include file */

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%x include_beg

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%x include_filename

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%x include_end

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file_include_pragma_filename	[^\"]*

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file_include_pragma_beg		"{#include"{st_whitespace_only}\"

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file_include_pragma_end		\"{st_whitespace_only}"}"

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file_include_pragma			{file_include_pragma_beg}{file_include_pragma_filename}{file_include_pragma_end}

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%{

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#define MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH 16

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typedef struct {

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	  YY_BUFFER_STATE buffer_state;

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	  int lineno;

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	  const char *filename;

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	} include_stack_t;

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include_stack_t include_stack[MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH];

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int include_stack_ptr = 0;

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const char *INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES[] = {

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	"",

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	"lib/",

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	"/lib/",

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	"/usr/lib/",

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	"/usr/lib/iec/",

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	LIBDIRECTORY "/",

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	NULL /* must end with NULL!! */

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	};

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/*

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 * Join two strings together. Allocate space with malloc(3).

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 */

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static char *strdup2(const char *a, const char *b) {

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  char *res = (char *)malloc(strlen(a) + strlen(b) + 1);

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  if (!res)

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    return NULL;

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  return strcat(strcpy(res, a), b);  /* safe, actually */

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}

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%}

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/*****************************/

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/* Prelimenary constructs... */

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/*****************************/

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/* A pragma... */

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pragma "{"[^}]*"}"

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/* NOTE: this seemingly unnecessary complex definition is required

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 *       to be able to eat up comments such as:

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 *          '(* Testing... ! ***** ******)'

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 *       without using the trailing context command in flex (/{context})

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 *       since {comment} itself will later be used with

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 *       trailing context ({comment}/{context})

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 */

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not_asterisk				[^*]

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not_close_parenthesis_nor_asterisk	[^*)]

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asterisk				"*"

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comment_text		{not_asterisk}|(({asterisk}+){not_close_parenthesis_nor_asterisk})

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comment		"(*"({comment_text}*)({asterisk}+)")"

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/*

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3.1 Whitespace

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 (NOTE: Whitespace IS clearly defined, to include newline!!! See section 2.1.4!!!)

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 No definition of whitespace is given, in other words, the characters that may be used to seperate language tokens are not pecisely defined. One may nevertheless make an inteligent guess of using the space (' '), and other characters also commonly considered whitespace in other programming languages (horizontal tab, vertical tab, form feed, etc.).

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 The main question is whether the newline character should be considered whitespace. IL language statements use an EOL token (End Of Line) to distinguish between some language constructs. The EOL token itself is openly defined as "normally consist[ing] of the 'paragraph separator' ", leaving the final choice open to each implemention. If we choose the newline character to represent the EOL token, it may then not be considered whitespace.

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 On the other hand, some examples that come in a non-normative annex of the specification allow function declarations to span multiple3.1 Whitespace

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 (NOTE: Whitespace IS clearly defined, to include newline!!! See section 2.1.4!!!)

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 No definition of whitespace is given, in other words, the characters that may be used to seperate language tokens are not pecisely defined. One may nevertheless make an inteligent guess of using the space (' '), and other characters also commonly considered whitespace in other programming languages (horizontal tab, vertical tab, form feed, etc.).

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 The main question is whether the newline character should be considered whitespace. IL language statements use an EOL token (End Of Line) to distinguish between some language constructs. The EOL token itself is openly defined as "normally consist[ing] of the 'paragraph separator' ", leaving the final choice open to each implemention. If we choose the newline character to represent the EOL token, it may then not be considered whitespace.

   400

 On the other hand, some examples that come in a non-normative annex of the specification allow function declarations to span multiple lines, which means that the newline character is being considered as whitespace.

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 Our implementation works around this issue by including the new line character in the whitespace while parsing function declarations and the ST language, and parsing it as the EOL token only while parsing IL language statements. This requires the use of a state machine in the lexical parser that needs at least some knowledge of the syntax itself.

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*/

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/* NOTE: Our definition of whitespace will only work in ASCII!

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 *

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 *       Since the IL language needs to know the location of newline

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 *       (token EOL -> '\n' ), we need one definition of whitespace

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 *       for each language...

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 */

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/*

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 * NOTE: we cannot use

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 *         st_whitespace	[:space:]*

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 *       since we use {st_whitespace} as trailing context. In our case

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 *       this would not constitute "dangerous trailing context", but the

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 *       lexical generator (i.e. flex) does not know this (since it does

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 *       not know which characters belong to the set [:space:]), and will

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 *       generate a "dangerous trailing context" warning!

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 *       We use this alternative just to stop the flex utility from

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 *       generating the invalid (in this case) warning...

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 */

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st_whitespace_only	[ \f\n\r\t\v]*

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il_whitespace_only	[ \f\r\t\v]*

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st_whitespace_text	{st_whitespace_only}|{comment}|{pragma}

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il_whitespace_text	{il_whitespace_only}|{comment}|{pragma}

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st_whitespace	{st_whitespace_text}*

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il_whitespace	{il_whitespace_text}*

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st_whitespace_text_no_pragma	{st_whitespace_only}|{comment}

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il_whitespace_text_no_pragma	{il_whitespace_only}|{comment}

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   433

st_whitespace_no_pragma	{st_whitespace_text_no_pragma}*

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il_whitespace_no_pragma	{il_whitespace_text_no_pragma}*

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qualified_identifier	{identifier}(\.{identifier})?

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/*****************************************/

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/* B.1.1 Letters, digits and identifiers */

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/*****************************************/

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/* NOTE: The following definitions only work if the host computer

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 *       is using the ASCII maping. For e.g., with EBCDIC [A-Z]

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 *       contains non-alphabetic characters!

   446

 *       The correct way of doing it would be to use

   447

 *       the [:upper:] etc... definitions.

   448

 *

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 *       Unfortunately, further on we need all printable

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 *       characters (i.e. [:print:]), but excluding '$'.

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 *       Flex does not allow sets to be composed by excluding

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 *       elements. Sets may only be constructed by adding new

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 *       elements, which means that we have to revert to

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 *       [\x20\x21\x23\x25\x26\x28-x7E] for the definition

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 *       of the printable characters with the required exceptions.

   456

 *       The above also implies the use of ASCII, but now we have

   457

 *       no way to work around it|

   458

 *

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 *       The conclusion is that our parser is limited to ASCII

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 *       based host computers!!

   461

 */

   462

letter		[A-Za-z]

   463

digit		[0-9]

   464

octal_digit	[0-7]

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hex_digit	{digit}|[A-F]

   466

identifier	({letter}|(_({letter}|{digit})))((_?({letter}|{digit}))*)

   467

   468

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/*******************/

   470

/* B.1.2 Constants */

   471

/*******************/

   472

   473

/******************************/

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/* B.1.2.1   Numeric literals */

   475

/******************************/

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integer         {digit}((_?{digit})*)

   477

binary_integer  2#{bit}((_?{bit})*)

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bit		[0-1]

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octal_integer   8#{octal_digit}((_?{octal_digit})*)

   480

hex_integer     16#{hex_digit}((_?{hex_digit})*)

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exponent        [Ee]([+-]?){integer}

   482

/* The correct definition for real would be:

   483

 * real		{integer}\.{integer}({exponent}?)

   484

 *

   485

 * Unfortunately, the spec also defines fixed_point (B 1.2.3.1) as:

   486

 * fixed_point		{integer}\.{integer}

   487

 *

   488

 * This means that {integer}\.{integer} could be interpreted

   489

 * as either a fixed_point or a real.

   490

 * I have opted to interpret {integer}\.{integer} as a fixed_point.

   491

 * In order to do this, the definition of real has been changed to:

   492

 * real		{integer}\.{integer}{exponent}

   493

 *

   494

 * This means that the syntax parser now needs to define a real to be

   495

 * either a real_token or a fixed_point_token!

   496

 */

   497

real		{integer}\.{integer}{exponent}

   498

   499

   500

/*******************************/

   501

/* B.1.2.2   Character Strings */

   502

/*******************************/

   503

/*

   504

common_character_representation :=

   505

<any printable character except '$', '"' or "'">

   506

|'$$'

   507

|'$L'|'$N'|'$P'|'$R'|'$T'

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|'$l'|'$n'|'$p'|'$r'|'$t'

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   510

NOTE: 	$ = 0x24

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	" = 0x22

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	' = 0x27

   513

   514

	printable chars in ASCII: 0x20-0x7E

   515

*/

   516

   517

esc_char_u		$L|$N|$P|$R|$T

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esc_char_l		$l|$n|$p|$r|$t

   519

esc_char		$$|{esc_char_u}|{esc_char_l}

   520

double_byte_char	(${hex_digit}{hex_digit}{hex_digit}{hex_digit})

   521

single_byte_char	(${hex_digit}{hex_digit})

   522

   523

/* WARNING:

   524

 * This definition is only valid in ASCII...

   525

 *

   526

 * Flex includes the function print_char() that defines

   527

 * all printable characters portably (i.e. whatever character

   528

 * encoding is currently being used , ASCII, EBCDIC, etc...)

   529

 * Unfortunately, we cannot generate the definition of